In the recent past there has been an increase in the population. Living standards have changed and in the industrial and agricultural sector expansion has been exhibited. The trend is expected to continue in the future. This has called for more demand of fresh aqua making it a rare commodity. Focusing on the seawater technologies has been of assistance to combat this shortage.
Statistically the marine makes up 97% of the global aqua storage. Whereas the locked amount by the glaciers and ice caps amount to 2% of the total supply. The percentage available for human use is about 0.5%. Supplied by lakes and rivers. Water from the sea is neither suitable for consumption by humans nor industrial use. There by desalination being considered as an important alternative for sourcing out fresh water.
The process comprises division of the commodity into two. Fresh stream containing little concentration of salts dissolved while the other is heavily concentrated brime. Forms of energy are required for the above process and there by different inventions are being used. Various technologies have come up based on different platforms such as freezing, electro dialysis etc. But the two mostly used and have a promising future are the MSF and RO. Together with MED, they are predicted to be the dominant methods in future.
Multiple stage flash distillation. One of the methods of desalination. It is built on flash evaporation principle. Where evaporation is induced by reduction of pressure instead of increasing of temperature. Its economic advantage is through the regenerative heating. Where the resource gives up its heat to its counterpart on every flash chamber it goes through.
Another method based on distillation is multiple effect distillation. Considered to thermodynamically efficient. It involves the sea water being undertaken through effects, these are a chain of evaporators. The effects use the law of reduction of pressure. Its economic efficiency is determined by the number of effects. This technology has been recently applied in the Arabian region but in comparison to its counterpart MSF it is still not very utilized although it is rising steadily.
Another technology used is the vapor compression distillation. Here the heating of marine aqua comes from the compression of vapor. The vcd plant takes advantage of principle of reducing the boiling point temperature by reducing pressure. Two methods are used to condense vapor, a mechanical compressor that helps to produce enough heat to vaporize incoming sea water and a steam jet that works the same. This process is normally used for small scale desalination units.
RO, also known as reverse osmosis, is highly used. Where osmotic pressure is overcome through application of outer pressure which is more compared with the sea water osmotic pressure. It therefore flows in reverse direction in respect to direction of the natural flow. Dissolved salts are left behind as it concentration increases. Previous development have come up in aiding the reduction of cost operation of RO plants. They include development of efficient membranes that also last longer and energy recover devices.
Methods such as solar evaporation, freezing and potabilization are used but not as often as the ones described above.
Statistically the marine makes up 97% of the global aqua storage. Whereas the locked amount by the glaciers and ice caps amount to 2% of the total supply. The percentage available for human use is about 0.5%. Supplied by lakes and rivers. Water from the sea is neither suitable for consumption by humans nor industrial use. There by desalination being considered as an important alternative for sourcing out fresh water.
The process comprises division of the commodity into two. Fresh stream containing little concentration of salts dissolved while the other is heavily concentrated brime. Forms of energy are required for the above process and there by different inventions are being used. Various technologies have come up based on different platforms such as freezing, electro dialysis etc. But the two mostly used and have a promising future are the MSF and RO. Together with MED, they are predicted to be the dominant methods in future.
Multiple stage flash distillation. One of the methods of desalination. It is built on flash evaporation principle. Where evaporation is induced by reduction of pressure instead of increasing of temperature. Its economic advantage is through the regenerative heating. Where the resource gives up its heat to its counterpart on every flash chamber it goes through.
Another method based on distillation is multiple effect distillation. Considered to thermodynamically efficient. It involves the sea water being undertaken through effects, these are a chain of evaporators. The effects use the law of reduction of pressure. Its economic efficiency is determined by the number of effects. This technology has been recently applied in the Arabian region but in comparison to its counterpart MSF it is still not very utilized although it is rising steadily.
Another technology used is the vapor compression distillation. Here the heating of marine aqua comes from the compression of vapor. The vcd plant takes advantage of principle of reducing the boiling point temperature by reducing pressure. Two methods are used to condense vapor, a mechanical compressor that helps to produce enough heat to vaporize incoming sea water and a steam jet that works the same. This process is normally used for small scale desalination units.
RO, also known as reverse osmosis, is highly used. Where osmotic pressure is overcome through application of outer pressure which is more compared with the sea water osmotic pressure. It therefore flows in reverse direction in respect to direction of the natural flow. Dissolved salts are left behind as it concentration increases. Previous development have come up in aiding the reduction of cost operation of RO plants. They include development of efficient membranes that also last longer and energy recover devices.
Methods such as solar evaporation, freezing and potabilization are used but not as often as the ones described above.
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